What Australian Fashion Retailers Can Learn from Zaras...

What Australian fashion retailers can learn from Zara’s product management process to improve their business Australian fashion retailer these days are facing a huge struggle by selling over-priced clothes. However, the globalization has poked Australian retailers to found themselves in the midst of an international fashion invasion, while the markets found themselves starstruck on the attractiveness that international retailers offer. The condition of Australian fashion retailers have been under-serviced and underwhelmed when it comes to fashion choice, especially in affordable variety (Wells 2013). There are only numerous fashion labels are available to dress 23 million people. In addition, the price cannot be compared to international brands’; the volumes produced by big international retailers like Zara and HM are to service global market, unlike Sportsgirl or Country Road who produce much smaller volumes. This does not conclude that Australian fashion retailers will not survive in the near future, although it does make some of them to stand on their toes. Domestic retailers are forced to turn around their fashion clothes much faster to avoid the merchandise cannibalizing by Zara. On the other side of the card, for being fast fashion, Zara may also meet its peak of a slower consumption. Consumers have now become aware of the impact of fast-fashion that may harm environments and work ethic. Even though, Zara has anticipated the issues by coming up with theirShow MoreRelatedLearning from the Fashion Industry: a Structured Literature Review39302 Words   |  158 PagesCRANFIELD UNIVERSITY ELEFTHERIA DIMITRAKOU LEARNING FROM THE FASHION INDUSTRY: A STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW CRANFIELD CENTRE FOR LOGISTICS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT MSc THESIS CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY CRANFIELD SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT CRANFIELD CENTRE FOR LOGISTICS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT MSc THESIS Academic Year 2006-2007 ELEFTHERIA DIMITRAKOU Learning from the Fashion Industry: A Structured Literature Review Supervisor: Dr. Chris Morgan August 2007 This thesis isRead MoreToyota Supply Chain78751 Words   |  316 PagesSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT A STRATEGIC APPROACH TO THE PRINCIPLES OF TOYOTA’S RENOWNED SYSTEM ANANTH V. IYER SRIDHAR SESHADRI ROY VASHER New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright  © 2009 by Ananth V. Iyer, Sridhar Seshadri, and Roy Vasher. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or

Introduction Leadership and management Free Essays

Introduction Leadership and management are two different subjects but both are essential for an organizations growth. Leadership is â€Å"A relationship through which one person influences the behaviour or actions of other people† (Smith P et al 2012), whilst â€Å"Management is more about getting things done on a day-to-day basis and ensuring consistency† (Smith P et al 2012). In simple context Managers helps in doing the right thing where as Leaders do the right things. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction Leadership and management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Having a strong Leader and Management an organization can reap the benefits of Competitive advantage as it would distinguish them to be an organization with core values, goals and scope which will eventually help them grow. It is understood that successful leaders do not habitually behave in similar ways. They may, in fact, act in a different way even if the situation presented is similar which would arguably come down to their personalities. Furthermore, different leadership traits may be required in different circumstances. This Case Study is a perfect example of how different Leaders and their Management have direct implications on their organization, even though both the Companies discussed in the case study are in similar industries. The Companies Discussed in the Case Study is Virgin Atlantic and Ryanair, Sir Richard Branson Being the Leader and Founder for Virgin and Michael O’Leary for Ryan Air. This Essay would look at how different Leadership, Management and Motivation style and theories they can adopted for their respected companies. The second part of this essay covers how these theories have impacted their companies externally and internally. Comparison and Contrasting Elements Leadership Qualities, Management Motivation. There is no denying that both Sir Richard Branson and Michael O’Leary are leaders and face for their respective Companies. Both of them have Strong Personalities and have a huge appetite for media presence. Sir Richard Branson is a Leader who believes in relationships whether they are employees, friends or business partner. He is always smiling and is a fun character to be around with. In Contrast Michael O’Leary is known to be a acerbic personality who doesn’t care much of what other people think of him as long as he is delivering them the service in need and is making profit. According to the 7 approaches (Laurie J Mullins 2007) it can be concluded that the leadership styles vary drastically between the two. Sir Richard Branson has more of Democratic Style of Leadership as he delegates to subordinates and is open to the idea that good ideas can come from anywhere and anytime. He has said before, â€Å"Virgin Group is an organization driven on informality and information, one that is bottom heavy rather then strangled by top level management†, (Wikipedia) giving the impression that he listens to his people well below the management level. Whilst O’Leary on the other hand is more of an Autocratic figure as a leader. He believes that as long as there are results portraying the success of the business, it is more than just an employee contribution, it is the decision making ability of him and the higher authorities. Branson’s way of leadership adopts people traits (Mcgreggor 1960) whereas O’Leary has more of a Quality and acceptance of leader’s decision (Vroom and Yetton). According to Tannenbaum and Schmidt, Branson is more inclined towards the area of non-managers freedom specifically the 3rd arrow from left whereas O’leary is more towards area of freedom for manager specifically 2nd arrow from the right. (Source: Tannenbaum, R. and Schmidt, W. H. ‘How to choose a leadership pattern’, Harvard Business Review, May/June 1973, p. 167. ) These Leadership Styles have a direct correlation with how they manage their respective organizations. Since Branson is more of a democratic leader and likes to delegate it can be concluded that Human Relations approach (Management Theories ‘Management Schools) is more his style of Management, he makes sure that his staffs is motivated and willing to keep up the brand name by offering excellent services to their custo mers. Since Virgin is in the long-haul market and is operating in different countries the organizational structure is more of a ‘Divisional Structure’, as the company is geographically mapped and is Customer Orientated. Whereas O’Leary’s Ryanair could be classified to be using the Classical Approach of Bureaucracy (Max Weber 1947), Weber states that a bureaucratic organisation is technically the most efficient form of organisation possible†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The bureaucratic organisation becomes typical of all the modern societies. Pugh Hickinson 1996) There is not a single theory or approach to leadership that fails to recognize that a fundamental quality of leaders – irrespective of whether leadership is innate, learned, situational, or whatever – is an ability to inspire and motivate people (Clegg, S. Et al 2006 Managing and Organizations). One of the key elements for a business to prosper is Motivation whether they are financi al or Non-financial incentives. Both Branson and O’ Leary have contrasting styles of leadership and management which further leads to different styles of Motivation. Branson being the fun loving personality he is interacts with his employees. While Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory (1959) Motivators appear to be the case for Branson and his company, O’Leary’s on the other hand with his Low cost Driven and no Frills Strategy fits more with the Process Theory for Motivation Like Equity Theory ( John Stacy Adams 1963) Where he expects his employees to expect outputs according to their inputs as stated in the case that Ryanair’s Cabin Crew is through a third party specifically named Crewlink. These Motivation theories can further be linked to Blake McCanse (1991) Leadership model with Virgin being Country Club Management and Ryanair being Authority Obedience Management. Both Companies can also adapt to Theory X and Theory Y Humans relations approach (Douglas McGreggor 1960). Ryanair will adopt Theory X to motivate its employees while Virgin Atlantic Theory Y. Impact on the Companies by Leadership Styles and Behavior. Both Virgin and Ryanair have had their fair trade of success and complaints. Having different Leadership and Management Styles lead to a difference in their organizational culture, Branson and O’Leary were subjective to many different outcomes which had a significant effect on their businesses. Virgin Being in the longhaul airline business has more competitors as he is the kind of person who thinks big. His competitors consist of International Airlines such as How to cite Introduction Leadership and management, Essay examples

Swot Analysis and Retail Industry free essay sample

Social analysis3 Technological analysis3 Industry3 Competitors4 Issue that caused Woolworth decline and new opportunity6 SWOT Analysis7 Strengths7 Weaknesses8 Opportunity8 Threats9 Issue that caused Woolworth decline and new opportunity9 Recommendation of new strategies10 Conclusion11 References12 Introduction Woolworths was first opened in Sydney (Datamonitor, pr 1). The company deals with the sale of electronic goods, general merchandise, liquor (Safeway liquor) as well as grocery. One of the major challenges that face the company is competition. This is because the supermarket industry in Australia is very competitive. The company’s major competitors are the composite buyers, Cole’s, IGA and the franklins. Moreover, the company also faces competition from the Audi (Datamonitor, pr 1). The company also has the health and safety policies that ensure that they are committed to ensuring workplace safety. They include a risk management approach, effective employee consultation as well as effective implementation of the policy (Datamonitor, pr 1). PEST analysis of the world In their day-to-day running businesses are affected by macro-environmental factors, which are analyzed, using a pestle analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis and Retail Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A pestle analysis is simply a framework that classifies environmental influences as political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental (Kotler et al 68-108). Political analysis Woolworth success can also be linked to the peaceful environment. It is evident that, peace has prevailed in Australia due to political stability. This has not only seen the growth of the retail industry, but also many businesses in the region have succeeded. It is evident that, a stable political environment results to an effective economic environment (Kotler et al. , 68-108). Economic analysis Economic factors are economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and inflation rate. As currently Japanese, United State and Hong Kong currencies are going down, but Australia’s currency is keep growing up, exchange rate goes down from Australia to other country, under this situation, Australian should import some products from other countries in a lower price and sell in Australia, which can helps decrease the outlay and earn more money. Base on this information, Woolworth should also look for some new brand from other country and import them to get advantage under the economic growth which can should import some products from other countries in a lower price and sell in Australia, which can helps decrease the outlay and earn more money. Social analysis Social factors often look at the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Social cultural trends can show that the changes of consumer tastes and behavior. As In the last thirty years, Australia has liberalized its immigration policy and opened its borders to Europe, Middle-East and Asia. This has caused a real shift in self-perception as Aussies begin tore-define themselves as a multi-cultural and multi-faith society rather than the old homogenous, white, Protestant nation. Under this situation, Woolworth should import Europe, Middle-East and Asia’s foods and stuffs, because there are more and more people come to Australia, stuffs from their home country can reduce their home-sick, also increase customer’s loyalty and satisfaction. Technological analysis Technological factors include ecological and environmental aspects and can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Some technologies such as CCTV cameras for monitoring customers during self-service must also be up to date to ensure efficiency. In addition to this, the use of social Medias such as Facebook, Twitter, Weibo, and You Tube can also assist the firm greatly in terms of advertisement. As Facebook, F-commerce, called Facebook commerce. Facebook have more 800 million users in the world. People can get some free advertisement simply though Facebook’s â€Å"Like† and â€Å"Share†, it is a good way to promo their goods, also people do not have to spend money on it. So, this is the free promotion for the goods and the effective strategy to expand their product to the world. (K. O. Hara, 2011) Industry The retail industry of Australia is a major catalyst to the economy of the country. Additionally, it is the barometer to the economic health of future growth prospects of the country. The function of this industry is to serve as an intermediary for the producers and offer the services that complement its sales (Smith 33-50). The Gross Domestic Product growth of the industry has also been so strong making the total growth in the industry to be 7,850 million US dollars. The industry has 3,760 businesses, which run 4,340 establishments. The major players in the industry include Woolworths Limited, Coles, Franklins, IGA and the Audi. It is apparent that the industry until now has presented relatively high-to-high attractiveness for the players in the industry (Smith, pp. 3-50). This is due to the high barriers to entry as well as the weak bargaining power of the buyers and suppliers making the profitability very high especially for Woolworths the company in question. Nevertheless, the future environmental changes are set to change the attractiveness of the industry to moderate. This means that even the profitability of Woolworths will also decrease in the future. This is due to the fact that it is postulated that the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers will increase. For this reason, Woolworths’ ability to beat its competitors as well as maintain a competitive advantage is highly dependent on the company’s capabilities and resources (Smith, pp. 33-50). Most importantly, it depends on how the capabilities and the resources will be exploited in the future when the attractiveness of the industry as well as profitability declines. Luckily, there is low threat of substitute products or services in supermarket retail industry, supermarket is an irreplaceable business, and they sell everything as daily necessary, food, drink, fruit or even DIY cake kit. There are no other place can buy let people buy everything in one place, for example, convenience shop as 7-11, although they open 24 hours and 7days, but people might cannot find the thing which they really want to buy in 7-11, however, they can find that in Woolworth. At the result, people must choose supermarket be their first choice if they want to buy everything in one place. Competitors However, they have very high intensity of competitive rivalry, as the Australian retail industry has a very high concentration. This is because it has few major players competing in the industry. They include Woolworths, Coles, Aldi as well as IGA. The Woolworths is able to compete with its competitors as well as doing well for their position in the industry by using such tactics as product introduction, advertising and price competition (Smith, pp. 33-50). The threat for new entrants within the Australian retail industry is relatively low and it is estimated that it will remain so. This is because the insidious conjunction of local zoning laws and leasing agreements has resulted to an artificial scarcity of grocery store sites (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission 42-65). Consequently, potential new entrants have been prevented from entering the Australian retail industry. Also, Woolworth’s competitors had their own competitive advantage to help them be out standing in supermarket industry, one of the big competitors is Aldi, which is the  first grocery retailer  in Australia to introduce a National Pricing Policy  across all Aldi stores which means they guarantee their product will be all seem price even in different branch. People shouldn’t have to pay more for their groceries simply because of where there live, people will pay the same low prices on groceries in every ALDI store in Australia. It’s Aldi’s way of keeping things fairer for all Australians, but Woolworth does not have such Policy as Aldi, every branch of Woolworth, their product’s price is different, for example, seem product in Boxhill’s store is on sale but the Woolworth in city might not for sale. Sometime customers need to pay more because of where they live; it is so unfair to customers. Also, Aldi is target on middle to low income families’ market, they are selling products which are all made in Australia, it can help Aldi to decrease their outlay and decrease their price setting, and customers can enjoy the product in a lower price, it can gain more customers satisfaction and also if customers are buying more in one time, Aldi can earn more income as well. Another huge competitor of Woolworth is Coles, both of them are target to the same market which is from all locations, of all ages, gender, and income, putting in mind their behaviours and lifestyles in order to satisfy their wants and needs. The firm targets Time saver buyers, Family Shoppers and International students (Round, pp51-64). This means that, the firm encompasses geographical, demographic, behavioural and psychological market segmentations. Coles is being outstanding in retail industry, they have different product range with others, they have a new product line of clothes call â€Å" Mix Apparel†, it can helps them to attract more customers and gain more customers satisfaction because people can really buy everything they want in one place. Also, there are some Coles’ store are open 24 hours in Melbourne which did not provide by Woolworth, it can give service to some customers who sleep late, although it cannot help them to earn much money but it can helps them to gain customers satisfaction. Moreover, Coles has a well management as a pervious news about dried milk: Some dried milk for baby which made in China has poison which is not good for baby, so a lot of Chinese buy dried milk from Australia then bring back to China and sell in China, it cause there are lack of dried milk in Australia, Woolworth made a decision to avoid Chinese monopoly dried milk, they set a limit which is everyone can buy 4 packs of dried milk only, therefore everyone can buy dried milk, this strategy indeed solve the problem but not a clever strategy. On another hand, Coles did not set limit, they contact more supplier and increase inventory, therefore people can get as much as they want, this strategy can solve the problem, and gain customers satisfaction and customer loyalty also, and it is a win-win situation. Issue that caused Woolworth decline and new opportunity Base in the discussion above, Woolworth was being quite successful because of they had good service and they launch of â€Å"Fresh Food People† in 1987 was supported by an advertising campaign that ran for several years. And also as said above, low threat of substitute products or services in supermarket retail industry, supermarket is an irreplaceable business, and they sell everything as daily necessary, food, drink, fruit or even DIY cake kit. There are no other place can buy let people buy everything in one place. However, Woolworth had been not very successful in these few years, there is some reason that made them be decline. Firstly, although Woolworth offers its range of products conveniently and at affordable prices to ensure a competitive advantage (Round, 51-64), this pricing strategy is not target on middle to low income people, a lot of people as those people who are come to Australia for their working holiday, they do not have so much money to buy their foodstuffs or some daily necessary in a higher price, these people will choose some cheaper supermarket as Aldi instead of Woolworth, because Aldi will provide goods with lower price but in good quality, there are no reason to choose Woolworth under this situation. Actually Woolworth can extend their target market to low-high income family, it is a huge range, but because Australia’s economic growth, they can import product from some low cost country supplier which can help to decrease the outlay, therefore they can decrease their price to suitable those low income family, and gain their satisfaction. Another reason that cause Woolworth decline is because there are high competition in this industry, Coles has well management and they have their own clothes product line, Woolworth need to be unique in this industry, they should additional hours in stores as Coles has 24 hours stores and also publish their own brand line and launch new brand. SWOT Analysis The SWOT Analysis is one of several strategic planning tools that are utilized by businesses and other organizations to ensure that there is a clear objective defined for the project or venture, in order to accomplish this task, the process of SWOT involves four areas of consideration: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (Deakin 2004). Strengths We know Woolworth is huge supermarket in Australia. They have lots of stores around Australia with good location. That can be the strength for them. Woolworth Limited has a number of stores within Australia. They manufacture they own branded goods as well as supply goods from local suppliers and other major brands. Woolworths Limited deals with final consumer products/organic products ranging from foodstuffs, groceries and liquor, which have short life, cycle (Round, pp51-64). Also they have a strong brand name and reputation among customers. Moreover, they will offer discounted prices sometimes which increase footfall in store and developed merchandising, direct purchasing, sales and customer service practices commonly used today, which is very convenience to customers. Also Woolworth has very high quality advertisements to help them to promote their brand, In order to emerge successful in the retail market, the company employs a combination of promotion strategies, which include advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotions. By so doing, they are able to ensure effective communication in the marketing process (Round 51-64), which helps them get better sales and get more profit. Weaknesses The weakness of Woolworth is the brand has failed to sustain its competitive advantage, although Woolworth is huge, competition from similar companies is also likely. Being successful, they are open to attack on any ethical stance low pay and poor work conditions, supply of goods from poor cheap labor countries, and environmental issues. Moreover, they do not have National Pricing Policy  across all Woolworth stores which mean they did not guarantee their product will be all seem price even in different branch. Sometime customers need to pay more because of where they live; it is so unfair to customers. Opportunity The opportunity of Woolworth is Woolworth can tap and import Europe, Middle-East and Asia’s foods and stuffs into the market to gain more customers satisfaction and loyalty, especially those customers who are come from Europe, Middle-East and Asia. In fact, these people are occupying a part of the population. Moreover, Woolworth can extend their target market. For its new venture, Woolworth’s targets customers who at least have a home or who want to have one. Also, they need target on those people who with low income. Generally, reduce the price of the company’s products as well as priced to enable its customers even those with low incomes to afford to purchase and also follow National Pricing Policy  to set the same price in all branch, therefore, customers will not have to pay more because of where they live. On another hand, because they have a huge brand name, the brand can tap new emerging markets like emerging and developing countries as South East Asia. Threats The threats of Woolworth is there have so competitor in this retail industry, and they have their own competitive advantage to be out standing in this industry, but Woolworth do not have any signature to being outstanding in the industry as much as their competitor has. Also, although they manufacture their own branded goods as well as supply goods from local suppliers and other major brand and sell in a lower price, but their high discount products and horrible packaging sometimes perceived as low quality products in consumer minds. Moreover, there are not easy to develop more branches in Australia because marginal pressure due to high real estate prices restricting the opening of more stores. Issue that caused Woolworth decline and new opportunity According to â€Å"Sun Zi Art of War† said â€Å"know yourself, know your enemy; hundred battles, hundred won. †(Wee 2002) Based on the SWOT analysis above, know Woolworth themselves, analysis shown that Woolworth was successful because of they have a strong brand name and reputation among customers and also have lots of stores around Australia with good location, therefore customers is easy to go shopping because of good location, and they have a really good advertisement to helps them to improve their image to customers. Although they had been successful, now is being worst because of there are huge competition in supermarket retail industry. Known their enemy, their competitor has their own competitive advantage to be out standing in this industry, Woolworth do not have any signature to being outstanding in the industry as much as their competitor has. Also there are not easy to open more branches in Australia because of high real estate prices in Australia. There still have some new opportunity; they can tap some Europe, Middle-East nd South East Asia supplier, Woolworth can get advantage under Australia’ economic growth and decrease their outlay, and gain customers satisfaction especially those people from Europe, Middle-East and Asia, they are a part of Australia population. Moreover, repackage their own brand product, because the package that they have now is really terrible, customers would not like to buy a product like this. Recommendation of new strategies Strategy is about shaping th e future (Mckeown, 2012). Woolworth currently need some new strategies to help them the rate of sales goes up, based on the discussion above, the report has few recommendations. 1. Launch new brand A lot of companies are using this strategy to gain larger customer base such as Coles and Mix Appeal, Woolworth can launch their own clothes product line with their own design and own packaging. 2. Expand to global market: New stores oversea Woolworth can establish outsource distribution channel. As the retail industry is increasing, the increase of the service of delivery is necessary. Woolworth can establish store or ware house off shore such as in Hong Kong and delivery direct to the customers’ door. Especially the history of Australian brand launch in oversea as Cutton on launched in Hong Kong, they have a really good profit because in asia Western’s brand will be more popular than domestics brand. 3. Target market Woolworth should extend their target market to low-high income family, generally, these are individuals who have an income thus can afford to have a home. However, the company’s products are well priced to enable its customers even those with low incomes to afford to purchase. To archive the goal, they can tap some new supplier from low cost country. 4. Tap new supplier Australia is a multi-cultural country, there are lots of people are come from Middle-East Europe and Asia. To take benefit under this situation, Woolworth can find new supplier from those country, it can helps to gain customer satisfaction and loyalty, and also because of the currency of Australian is growing up, they can import those product in a lower price and sell in Australia, it can decrease the outlay but increase the profit. 5. National price policy Follow National Pricing Policy  to set the same price in all branch, therefore, customers will not have to pay more because of where they live, therefore gain trust from customers and gain customers satisfaction. Conclusion After the analysis of Woolworth, include PEST, Porter 5 forces and SWOT analysis, found that there are so many competitors in supermarket retail industry, Woolworth’s competitors had their own competitive advantages, so Woolworth needs to be changed their strategy, to gain more competitive advantage and become more successful.

How Does ACT Superscoring Affect Your Test Strategy

How Does ACT Superscoring Affect Your Test Strategy SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many colleges now use Superscoring for ACT scores as well as SAT scores. It’s important to know whether the schools where you’re planning to apply use Superscoring and how you can take advantage of this policy to demonstrate your best performance on the ACT. In this article I’ll give a brief overview of Superscoring and tell you what it means for you in terms of your testing plan. What is ACT Superscoring? ACT Superscoring is when colleges calculate your highest possible composite ACT score based on subscores from several different tests.They will take your highest ever score from each section and then average those scores together to arrive at a new composite score that represents your best performance. This chart shows how it might work across three test dates: English Math Reading Science Composite Test 1 30 28 31 20 27 Test 2 32 25 30 28 29 Test 3 29 23 35 25 28 Superscore 32 28 35 28 31 As you can see, this student’s composite Superscore was higher than any of the composite ACT scores for individual test dates because Superscoring combined all of the highest subscores. Superscoring benefits colleges because it puts them higher up in the rankings in terms of average scores of their admitted students.It also benefits you! If you do poorly on a section on one test date, it won’t affect you with colleges who use Superscoring, as long as you get a higher score for that section on another test date. Check the websites for the colleges where you plan on applying to see if they use Superscoring for the ACT, or take a look at this list that we’ve compiled of Superscoring schools. There are now nearly 100 schools that superscore the ACT! What Does This Mean for You? Superscoring should affect your studying strategy and registration timing for the ACT. Here are a couple of pieces of advice that you should follow if the colleges where you're planning on applying use Superscoring. Start Testing Early Superscoring means that you should definitely plan to take the ACT for the first time early in your junior year so that you can have enough time to improve your scores.If you don’t do as well on the first test, it will give you the opportunity to learn from your mistakes, and those lower scores won’t count in the long run after you take the test again. If you score very well on one section but don’t do well on one or two other sections, that means that you can focus your studying for future tests on your weak sections and not worry too much about the section you aced.Colleges will still incorporate the first score into your Superscore if it’s the best one you ever end up getting for the section. Take a look at these ACT test dates for the upcoming fall if you’re heading into your junior year so you can plan ahead. Take the ACT More than Once As a follow-up to the previous point, Superscoring definitely means you should plan on taking the ACT more than once (unless you reach your target score on the first try!). Taking the test two or three times means that you are likely to improve at least some of your subscores from test to test, especially if you put significant time into studying between test dates.Even if you manage to improve just one of your scores, that higher number is the one that will count for your Superscore. Practice Focused Studying This is probably the most essential takeaway from Superscoring.If you take the ACT and are unsatisfied with one or two of your section scores, you can direct all of your energy towards studying for those subject areas on future tests.Once you get a section score that you are happy with, you won’t have to worry about that part of the test in the future because that score (or potentially an even higher one) will become a part of your Superscore no matter what happens on the next test. The really great thing about Superscoring is that it means you can focus completely on improving weaker section scores and not worry about preventing already great section scores from decreasing. This book smells amazing. And I'm learning so much. Don’t Get Stressed! You should always take each test date seriously (you paid to register, after all), but Superscoring can take away a lot of unnecessary anxiety.Doing poorly on one test doesn’t mean you won't get into your top choice school. If you completely screw up a section of the test on one date but do well on another section, that’s also ok. With Superscoring, that one high subsection score means the time you spent taking the test was still worthwhile, and you can work on doing better on the section you bombed next time! Overview Superscoring for the ACT means that schools will calculate your best composite score by averaging all of your highest subscores across the tests you send them.Superscoring is great for you and for colleges because it reduces stress, lets you show your best possible scores, and allows schools to rise in the rankings in terms of average test scores. If you’re applying to schools that Superscore the ACT, you should: Start testing early Take the test more than once Practice focused studying Not freak out! Follow all of this advice, and you’ll be on your way to a SUPER Superscore! What's Next? Want more details about how exactly the ACT is scored? Read this articlefor an in-depth description. If you're not sure whether you should take the ACT again, take a look at this guide to help you decide. If you're trying to figure out when to take the ACT, read our guide to figure out the best test date for your circumstances.

HL

The Best IB Chemistry Study Guide and Notes for SL/HL SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips IB Chemistry may not be quite as easy as this penguin makes it seems. So to help you out, I have compiled the best FREE online IB Chemistry Study Guides and Notes into one helpful article. I've organized this IB Chemistry Study Guide using the order laid out in the IB Chemistry Syllabus. How to Use This IB Chemistry Study Guide If there is one specific topic that you need more help with, use the Command + F function on your computer to search this guide for that subject. So, if you hope to read about The Mole Concept, use Command + F to bring up the search function. Type in â€Å"Mole Concept† and it will bring up all of the study materials for The Mole Concept. If you are looking for summary material to help you study for the IB Chemistry papers, check out the Overall Reviews section for great overall study resources. I've listed the notes and guides by topic. You should glance at this article during the school year to help you study for in-class tests and quizzes if you need more assistance or if you struggled to understand certain lectures in your IB Chemistry course. If you want additional help, read our article on the best IB Chemistry books to find additional study resources. You should be learning the material over the course of the school year and not cramming right before the IB Chemistry papers. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Common Errors IB Chemistry Students Make When Studying Many students struggle with IB Chemistry SL/HL. There are so many subjects to learn, and you cannot fall behind. You need to be learning during the school year in order to ace the IB Chemistry papers. Common errors students make when studying are: #1: Avoiding the topics you didn't fully comprehend in class. If you did not learn it in the classroom, you need to seek additional assistance whether through this IB Chemistry study guide, IB Chemistry books, or through tutoring. #2: Only studying a week or two before the IB Chemistry Exam. There are way too many topics to master in only a week or two (which is why the course is taught over one to two years). So, master the subjects as you learn them in class. Use this study guide if you need more help comprehending the topics you cover in class. Otherwise, you will be as nervous as this kid during the test. Core- 95 hours for SL and HL Both IB Chemistry SL and HL have the same core requirements. They consist of 95 hours and cover the topics listed below. Topic 1: Stoichiometric Relationships- 13.5 hours for SL and HL Notes on Mole Concept and Avogadro’s Constant Notes on all of Stoichiometry Stoichiometry Videos and Notes 1.1: Introduction to the particulate nature of matter and chemical change notes 1.2: Mole concept notes 1.3: Reacting masses and volumes notes Topic 2: Atomic Structure- 6 hours for SL and HL Notes on Atomic Theory Atomic Structure Videos and Notes 2.1: Nuclear atom notes 2.2: Electron configuration notes Topic 3: Periodicity- 6 hours for SL and HL Notes on Periodicity Periodicity Videos and Notes 3.1: Periodic table notes 3.2: Periodic trends notes Topic 4: Chemical bonding and structure- 13.5 hours for SL and HL Notes on Bonding Bonding Videos and Notes 4.1: Ionic bonding and structure notes 4.2: Covalent bonding notes 4.3: Covalent structures notes 4.4: Intermolecular forces notes 4.5: Metallic bonding notes Topic 5: Energetics/Thermochemistry- 9 hours for SL and HL Notes on Energetics Energetics Videos and Notes 5.1: Measuring energy changes notes 5.2: Hess's Law notes 5.3: Bond enthalpies Topic 6: Chemical Kinetics- 7 hours for SL and HL Notes on Kinetics Kinetics Videos and Notes 6.1: Collision theory and rates of reaction Topic 7: Equilibrium- 4.5 hours for SL and HL Notes on Equilibrium Equilibrium Study Guide Equilibrium Videos and Notes 7.1: Equilibrium notes Topic 8: Acids and Bases- 6.5 hours for SL and HL Notes on Acids and Bases Acids and Bases Study Guide Acids and Bases Videos and Notes 8.1: Theory of acids and bases notes 8.2: Properties of acids and bases notes 8.3: The pH scale notes 8.4: Strong and weak acids and bases notes 8.5: Acid deposition notes Topic 9: Redox Processes- 8 hours for SL and HL Oxidation and Reduction Study Guide Redox Processes Videos and Notes 9.1: Oxidation and reduction notes 9.2: Electrochemical cells notes Topic 10: Organic Chemistry- hours for SL and HL Organic Chemistry Study Guide Organic Chemistry Videos and Notes 10.1: Fundamentals of organic chemistry notes 10.2: Functional group chemistry notes Topic : Measurement and Data Processing- 10 hours for SL and HL Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds Study Guide Measurement Videos and Notes .1: Uncertainties and errors in measurements and results notes .2: Graphical techniques notes .3: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds notes Additional Higher Level (AHL)- 60 hours for HL You will only study the ten topics listed below if you're in IB Chemistry HL; the standard level doesn't cover these topics. Topic 12: Atomic Structure- 2 hours Atomic Structure Study Guide 12.1: Electrons in atoms notes Topic 13: The Periodic Table: Transition Metals- 4 hours Periodic Table Study Guide 13.1: First row d-block elements notes 13.2: Coloured complexes notes Topic 14: Chemical Bonding and Structure- 7 hours Chemical Bonding and Structure Notes 14.1: Covalent bonding and electron domain and molecular geometrics notes 14.2: Hybridization notes Topic 15: Energetics/Thermochemistry- 7 hours Notes on Energetics 15.1: Energy cycles notes 15.2: Entropy and spontaneity notes Topic 16: Chemical Kinetics- 6 hours Videos on Chemical Kinetics 16.1: Rate expression and reaction mechanism notes 16.2: Activation energy notes Okay, you may not get to do this. Topic 17: Equilibrium- 4 hours Notes on Equilibrium 17.1: Equilibrium law notes Topic 18: Acids and Bases- 10 hours Notes on Acids and Bases 18.1: Lewis acids and bases notes 18.2: Calculations involving acids and bases notes 18.3: pH curves notes Topic 19: Redox Processes- 6 hours Notes on Oxidation and Reduction 19.1: Electrochemical cells notes Topic 20: Organic Chemistry- 12 hours Notes on Stereoisomerism 20.1: Types of organic reactions notes 20.2: Synthetic routes notes 20.3: Stereoisomerism Topic 21: Measurement and Analysis- 2 hours Videos on Measurement and Data Processing 21.1: Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds notes Option- 15 hours for SL and 25 hours for HL Unfortunately, there are no free online study guides for the options, but look at our article on IB Chemistry books to find books that review the options topics. Overall IB Chemistry Reviews IB Chemistry HL 31 Common Mistakes: Richard Thornley, the author of this video, has several other helpful videos on IB Chemistry SL and HL available for free on YouTube IB Chemistry Web: This site goes over the syllabus in-depth and explains key definitions and facts you need to know. What’s Next? Want more of a review of what you'll learn in IB Chemistry? Then check out our in-depth guide to the IB Chemistry syllabus: SL and HL and our tips on balancing chemical equations. A prep book can be an extremely useful study tool. Learn which are the best IB Chemistry textbooks by reading our guide. How much do you know about the chemical properties of everyday things? Discover how to use muriatic acid to remove rust from your pots and pans and the effect of adding and removing certain ingredients to create the ultimate slime. Are you hoping to squeeze in some extra IB classes? Learn about the IB courses offered online. 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Kant says that we should treat humanity.....never simply as ameans but Essay - 1

Kant says that we should treat humanity.....never simply as ameans but always at the same time as an end in itself. What does this mean Can a Kantian form of - Essay Example Is there, as Kant argues, a universal set of guiding principles that are applicable in all situations and all cultures? Are human rights and mans existence an end in itself, and not merely a means to reach an end? For the individual, a better sense of responsibility, obligation, and duty have become paramount in a social environment where individuals have the authority to make decisions that have the potential to do great good or intolerable harm. The purpose of this paper is to define and explain the meaning of Kants Categorical Imperative as it applies to individuals and moral agents in todays world of globalisation. The paper will further discuss humanity as an end in itself, rather than simply a means to an end. It will illuminate and demonstrate the paradoxes and challenges that are faced when we attempt to apply Kantian ethics to the modern world of globalisation. As human beings living in a world of interdependence, our actions not only reflect upon our own moral essence, but also impact others. Nobody lives in a vacuum and everything we do involves other people that have an equivalent moral and ethical value. Kant has contended that the treatment that is afforded the other agents in our transactions is not the means that we use to accomplish our goals, but is the goal in and of itself. According to Kant and Paton (1948, p.55), an imperative is categorical if it represents "an action as objectively necessary in itself apart from its relation to a further end". The categorical imperative removes any consideration for context and does not mitigate on the basis of time, space, situation, or culture. Kants categorical imperative is a guiding principle that invokes a sense of duty and obligation even when it contradicts the moral agents own feelings and emotions. Kantian ethics additionally contend that there are moral absolutes that must be adhe red to without regard

Find a topic about math and relate to interior& architecture design Essay

Find a topic about math and relate to interior& architecture design major - Essay Example To better understand the importance of mathematics in architecture, the most initial thing is to come up with a clear understanding regarding the concept of architecture itself. It hence refers to a system of structures and buildings that tend to form a space standard for the people’s activities and lives, as well as the art of creating these structures and buildings in correspondence to the cognitive laws that governs beauty. It follows from this definition that there exist two aspects of Architecture notion. On the other hand, Architecture is a specific kind of technological advancement that is intended for the formation of a space standard for activity and lives of people. The architects should hence be conversant with the mechanical laws so as to ensure that the proper mechanical stability and strength regarding the given structures and buildings. Architecture comes out as a form of Fine Art that should be created by an architect in his "structures and buildings with correspondence to the laws of shape and beauty. This means that an architect has to be accorded clear guideline by the Principles and Laws of Beauty and Harmony in his/her creativity. As a form of Fine Art, Architecture is closely connected to other types of Fine Arts including Music, Painting, and Sculpture. In this correlation the idea of creating emerging mathematical concepts, as well as the Mathematical Harmony tend to arise. It is hence unfeasible make cognitive statements on all the scientific attainments of Mathematical Harmony in a brief essay. Based on the historical perspectives, there is a clear relationship that emerges between metaphysics and physics, and the fact that architecture has always been a perfect contender with regards to the metaphysical representation with its inherent geometrical character. Thus, what can be found as a societal body of knowledge will usually be symbolically represented in its established